<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">539</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Original article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Psychometric Validation of Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VQF-25) under Local Conditions in Slovakia, E.U.</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vodrážková</surname>
            <given-names>Erika</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Šefčíková</surname>
            <given-names>Sabina</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Helbich</surname>
            <given-names>Miroslav</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>6</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>2</elocation-id>
      <abstract>
        <p>Aim: The aim of this study is to validate the Slovak version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VQF-25) in patients with chronic ocular diseases. Material and methods: The questionnaire was tested on 211 responders. The first group consisted of 83 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the second group represented 68 patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), and the control group had 60 responders. The Questionnaire (NEI VQF-25) consists of the base of 25 vision-targeted questions representing 11 vision-related constructs, plus an additional single-item general health-rating question. The data – demographic data and information from the Visual Function Questionnaire were obtained during one single visit of the patients during the period November 1st, 2010 and February 20th, 2011. The internal consistency and safety of the test were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. For separate groups the standard score was evaluated. Results: The coefficient higher than 0.7, evaluated as good reliability, was calculated in all constructs except the sub-scale “ocular pain”. The validity, evaluated using multivariable analysis measuring convergence and discrimination analysis, in the end confirmed accomplishment of all circumstances. The composite score of NEI VQF-25 in the DME group was 69.9 ± 4.6, in the AMD group 68.5 ± 4.3, and the highest score had the control group 91 ± 1.8. Conclusion: The questionnaire NEI VQF-25 in the Slovak version is useful and safe instrument to measure the quality of life in patients with DME and AMD.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>quality of life</kwd>
        <kwd>questionnaire NEI VQF-25</kwd>
        <kwd>age-related macular degeneration (AMD)</kwd>
        <kwd>diabetic macular edema (DME)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="R12519">
        <mixed-citation>Cahill, MT, Banks, AD, Stinnett, SS, Toth, CA.: Vision-related quality of life in patients with bilateral severe age-re- lated macular degeneration. Ophthal- mology, 2005; 112: 152–158.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12520">
        <mixed-citation>Cusick, M, SanGiovanni, JP, Chew, EY, Csaky, KG, Hall-Shimel, K, Reed, GF, Caruso, RC, Ferris, FL.: Central visual function and the NEI-VFQ-25 near and distance activities subsca- le scores in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Am J Ophthalmol, 2005; 139: 1042–1050.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12521">
        <mixed-citation>Hays, RD., Sherbourne, CD, Mazel, RM: The RAND 36-item Health Survey 1.0.Health Econ, 1993; 2: 217–227.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12522">
        <mixed-citation>Jampel, HD, Schwartz, A, Pollack, I, Abrams, D, Weiss, H, Miller R.: Glau- coma patients’ assessment of their vi- sual function and quality of life. J Glau- coma, 2002; 11:154–163.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12523">
        <mixed-citation>Labiris, G, Katsanos, A, Fanariotis, M., Tsirouki, T, Pefkianaki, M, Chatzoulis, D., Tsironi, E.: Psychometric properties of the Greek version of the NEI-VFQ 25 BMC Ophthalmol, 2008; 8: 4.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12524">
        <mixed-citation>Mangione, CM, Lee, PP, Gutierrez, PR, Spritzer, K, Berry, S, Hays, RD: Natio- nal Eye Institute Visual Function Ques- tionnaire Field Test Investigator: deve- lopment of the 25-item Nationale Eye Institute function questionnaire. Arch Ophthalmol, 2001, 119:1050–1058.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12525">
        <mixed-citation>Nichols, KK, Mitchell, GL, Zadnik, K.: Performance and repeatability of the NEI-VFQ-25 in patients with dry eye. Cornea. 2002; 21: 578–583.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12526">
        <mixed-citation>Nordmann, JP, Viala, M, Sullivan, K, Arnould, B, Berdeaux, G. Psychomet- ric Validation of the National Eye Insti- tute Visual Function Questionnaire – 25 (NEI VFQ-25) French version: in a population of patients treated for ocu- lar hypertension and glaucoma. Pharmacoeconomics, 2004; 22: 197–206.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12527">
        <mixed-citation>Rossi, GC, Milano, G, Tinelli, C. The Italian version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire: translation, validity, and reliability. J Glaucoma. 2003; 3: 213–220.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12528">
        <mixed-citation>Suzukamo, Y, Oshika, T, Yuzawa, M, Tokuda, Y, Tomidokoro, A, Oki, K, Mangione, CM, Green, J, Fukuhara, S. Psychometric properties of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), Japanese version. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005; 3: 65.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12529">
        <mixed-citation>Toprak, AB, Eser, E, Guler, C.: Crossvalidation of the Turkish version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25) Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2005; 12: 259–269.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
